History of
The Choctaw, Chickasaw
& Natchez Indians
By H. B. Cushman, 1899
611 pages, indexed,searchable
- Bonus #1 -
Life Among
The Choctaw Indians
And Sketches of the South-West
Henry C. Benson, 1860
314 pages, indexed, searchable
- Bonus #2 -
Oklahoma Indian Territory
Marriages, Book “A”
1890-1900
Choctaw Nation, Second Division
(Pages faint, some difficult to read entirely).
326 pages, indexed
- Bonus #3 -
A Dictionary of
The Choctaw Language
Johns R. Swanton, 1915
624 pages, indexed
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Digital EBook CD Requires Adobe Reader 7 or higher to View; or MAC Access
Autoboot Menu for Easy PC Access; Manually open files on MAC
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Choctaw Indian Nation traces its ancestry to Mississippi and some sections of Alabama.
Legends tell that the Choctaw people originated from "Nanih Waya", a sacred hill near
what is now known as Noxapter, Mississippi. "Nanih Waiya" means "Productive Mound" and
is often referred to as "The Mother Mound".
Culturally, the Choctaws have always honored their women as the head of every family
household. They were, and still are today, considered the care-takers of our children,
our elders, and the home.
The Choctaws were the first of the five great southern tribes of the United States
to be moved to Oklahoma by the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830. Over 20,000
Choctaws moved on this long journey, with many of the Choctaw people not
surviving this removal on what has come to be called "THE TRAIL OF TEARS".
CONTENTS-Life Among The Choctaw Indians.
Preface Page 3
Introduction 7
CHAPTER I.
Border Indians — Colonization — Names of tribes —
Necessity for Removal — Effects thereof — Numbers — Territory oc-
cupied — Choctaws and Chickasaws 21
CHAPTER II.
Government — Their constitution — Religious toleration — Civil rights —
Laws — Now printed — Punishments — Anecdote 27
CHAPTER III.
Social habits — Marriage — Settlements — Employments — Food — Slave-
holding — Use of tobacco 31
CHAPTER IV.
Education — Schools — Choctaw Academy — Its influence — Mission
schools — School fund — Books used — Choctaw literature — Indian
lecture 30
CHAPTER V.
The country — Its size — Natural products — Stock grazing — Surface —
Winters— Storms 42
CHAPTER VI.
Condition of the Choctaws on their removal — Trials endured in
their new settlement — Necessity for Christian civilization gener-
ally felt 40
CHAPTER VII.
Choctaw cliaractcr — Purity of blood — Intermarriages rare — Inter-
course with other tribes — Indian names — Fashions — Personal ap-
jicarancc — Women Page 60
CHAPTER VIII.
New School system — Methodist mission — Travels of Missionary Sec-
retary, Rev. E. R. Ames — Establishment of a school system —
Seminaries founded — Appropriation for the mission schools 56
CHAPTER IX.
Fort Coffee Academy — Appointment of teachers — Rev. William II.
Goode and the author transferred to the new mission — School
buildings — Site of the village — Arrival of Mr. Goode — Prayer
meeting — Repairs of school-houses — Outdoor labors 63
CHAPTER X.
Journey to the Indian country — Voyage down the river — Southern
plantation — Aspects of slavery — Napoleon — Swamps and muske-
toes — Incidents — Preaching on Sabbath — On the Arkansas river —
Arkansas port — French merchant — Improvements — Little Rock —
Van Buren and Fort Smith — Their location and importance —
Slaveholding — Arrival at Fort Coffee 70
CHAPTER XI.
Arrival at Fort Coffee — Absence of Mr. Goode — Mission family —
AVork begun — Agricultural labor — Difficulties 85
CHAPTER XII.
The mission — Heathenish darkness — Class meetings — Sunday — Re-
flections — Native cordiality — Effects of Christian teachings 90
CHAPTER XIII.
Neighbors — Mission reservations — Jones, an Indian resident — His
slave, old Hannah — Now ideas slowly infused — Trade with Jones —
His habits — Cornelius Macann — Mr. Ring — Major Armstrong — Mr.
Wilson - 95
CHAPTER XIV.
Distinguished men — Hon. Nat Folsom — William Kiddle — Colonel
Thomson McKenny — lion. J. Fletcher — Colonel Peter P. Pitch-
lynn — lion. Peter Folsom — Colonel S. Jones — Titular dignitaries —
Anecdote Page 101
CHAPTER XV.
Fourth of July celebration — Journey to Fort Smith — The arrange-
ments — Return — Mr. Heald — Anecdotes — Cane-brakes — The car-
penter leaves — Employes dismissed — Fishing — Anecdote 107
CHAPTER XVI.
Provisions spoiled — Repairing damages — Sold — Incident — Massard
Prairie — Meeting held there — Class formed — Residents 113
CHAPTER XVII.
Indian camp meeting — Going to it — Getting directions — Through
the wilderness — Site of the meeting — At camp — Preaching — The
congregation — Progress of the meeting — Results — Meeting at New
Hope — Romance 120
CHAPTER XVIII.
Visit to Fort Smith — Holding meeting — ^The congregation — Drunk-
enness — Preaching at Massard — A freshet — Crossing the river —
The ferryman — The return 129
CHAPTER XIX.
Camp meeting on the border — Mountain ride — Halting for the
night — Resuming the journey — Arrival at camp — Its appear-
ance — Employments — The meeting — Incidents — Sacrament —
clothes — Return — Incidents and Accidents — Sickness 1.38
CHAPTER XX.
Choctaw wedding — Bridal party — Festivities — Seminoles — A Choc-
taw's opinion of them — Presbyterian mission among them — Til
success — Abandonment of the mission 11'.'
CHAPTER XXI.
Indian games — Ball-playing — General interest in it — Match games —
Playing them — Their interfering with religious meetings — Inci-
dent Page 153
CHAPTER XXII.
Murder of Mr. Vore and family — Particulars of the murder — The
criminals advertised — Intercourse between the tribes — Repairs at
the mission house — Workmen employed — Our teamster — Intoxi-
cated — Dismissed — The author turning laborer — Effects 157
CHAPTER XXIII.
Rev. John Page, a Choctaw preacher — His history — Boyhood — In-
struction — Conversion — Licensed to preach — Admitted into confer-
ence — Missionary to his people — Personal appearance — Hold meet-
ing with him — Attending conference — The route — Timber — Lynch
law — White Oak Mountains — Sketches along the way — The doc-
tor — Conference — Missionary meeting — Return to the mission — Mr.
and Mrs. Goode — Retrospect of the year — Arrival of the mission
family 162
CHAPTER XXIV.
Indian annuities — On guard — Fears of robbery — The weapons — Mr.
Irwin's death — His character — Funeral — Relieved from duty as
guard 172
CHAPTER XXV.
Quarterly meeting — Quarterly conference — Goods not arrived — In
search of them — Hon. Samuel Adams — Kindness — Assistance —
Obtaining of the goods — Waiting for a rise in the river — Ozark
village — Inhabitants — Preaching on Sunday — Arrival of boat —
Return homo — Visit from a Cherokee 170
CHAPTER XXVI.
Conks leave — Employment of a colored man and family — Farm en-
larged— Appointments of Mr. Page— Work of the author 183
CHAPTER XXVII.
Opening of the Academy — Trustees — Pupils received — Native cloth-
ing — School Outfit — Anecdote — Indian names — Other names giv-
en — Instruction — Incident — Talker Page ISG
CHAPTER XXVIII.
School duties — The premises — Daily exercises — Saturday labors and
recreation — Changes of clothing — Sunday exercises — Requisitions
in the school — Character of the lads — Punishments — Marble-play-
ing forbidden 191
CHAPTER XXIX.
Freshets in the streams — Overflowing of low grounds — Inundation
of farms and houses — Pt. Ayesley Browning — Stopped by the
floods from reaching his appointment — Returns to St. Louis —
Fishing — Fishes taken 197
CHAPTER XXX.
Religious awakening — Mr. Page's influence — Prayer meetings — Sev-
eral of the lads become pious — Admitted into Church — Examina-
tions — Summer vacation — Visit to Massard — Incidents — Illustra-
tion of slavery — Holding meeting — Administering the sacrament —
Baptisms by immersion — Appointment to preach — A Chickasaw
woman 202
CHAPTER XXXI.
Quapaws — One of them, with his wife, visits the school — Villiers —
His character — History — Personal appearance — Pronunciation of
the name Arkansas 209
CHAPTER XXXII.
Ball — Cornelius Macann — Parricide — The murderer — Tried and con-
victed — Escapes — Criminal Trials — Suicide — Isaac McKee — His su-
icide — The motive — Homicide of Lewis Calvin by Captain Rid-
dle — The occasion of the killing — Riddle's remorse — His sickness
and death 213
CHAPTER XXXIII.
The Academy — Second year — Return of the pupils — Visitors — Choc-
taw customs — Language and peculiarities — Temperance society — ■
Discussions — Signing the pledge — Incident Page 221
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Indian Mission conference — Traveling to Tahlequah — Cherokee civ-
ilization — Agriculture — Customs of the nation — Fairfield — Presby-
terian mission — Dr. Butler and the mission family — Park Hill mis-
sion — Mr. "Worcester — Miss Thompson — Her self-devotion 227
CHAPTER XXXV.
Persecuted missionaries — Mr. Worcester and Dr. Butler — Georgia
tyranny — Arrest and imprisonment of the missionaries — Cruelty
to the missionaries — Sentenced to imprisonment — Appeal to the
Supreme Court — Georgia sentence reversed — Insolence of the
Georgia ofiSeials — Final restoration to liberty — Christian forgive-
ness — Missionary sacrifices .. 235
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Conference session — Admission to the conference — Mr. Hurlburt —
Division of the Church — Convention of southern preachers — Elec-
tion of delegates to the Convention — Conference Missionary Soci-
ety — Bishop Morris 240
CHAPTER XXXVII.
The Cherokee capital — Park Hill — lion. John Ross and brother —
Wm. P. Ross — Mrs. Wolf — Cherokee alphabet — The language —
Invention of an alphabet — George Guess — His character — Death —
Influence of his invention — Anecdote — Incident 24-4
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Political strife and discord — Captain Ridge — Captain Rogers — Their
contentions — John Ross — The return home — Dwight mission — Tho
mission family — Interview — New appointments of preachers — J.
C. Berryman — Learner B. Stateler — Isaac F. Collins 252
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Death of Oakchiah — Sketch of his life — Conversion — Persecutions —
Becomes preacher — Opposed by his father — Incident — His father's
conversion — Licensed to preach — Ordained — Labors — Sickness —
Circumstances of his death — Personal appearance Page 259
CHAPTER XL.
Progress in study — Cultivation — Rapid improvement — Moses Porter
and Coleman Daniel — Character of the former — His conversion —
Taken sick — Incidents — Incidents of his sickness — Death — Re-
flections 2G7
CHAPTER XLI
Rev. Mr. Fisk, Indian preacher — Visit to the mission — Interesting
exercises — Ministerial outfit — Pneumonia — Medical attendance —
Visit to Massard — Food — Customs among the people — Fort Smith —
Cedar Prairie — Incident 272
CHAPTER XLII.
Louisville Convention — Delegates — Preparation for leaving the mis-
sion — Division of the Church — Mr. Goode leaves — Mr. Stateler
superintendent — Walter A. Duncan — Indian trails — Incident.. 279
CHAPTER XLIII.
Contraband traffic — Spirituous liquors— Incident — Indian scrupu-
lousness 285
CHAPTER XLIV.
A short chapter in itinerant life — Organization of a society — Change
of preacher — Mistake of the people — Their honesty and hos-
pitality 288
CHAPTER XLV.
Death in the mission — .James Wathin — The funeral — Removal of
corpse for interment — Indian ceremonies at funerals — Their mourn-
itig customs — Burial of servants 292
CHAPTER XLV I.
Our work — New buildings — Neglect of servants — The remedy — Ef-
fects — Charles, the cook — Ills peculiarities Page 297
CHAPTER XLVII.
Settlement with the superintendent — Preparations to depart — Last
service with the scholars — Departure — Reflections — Changes in the
school — Reminiscences of Indian characters 302
CHAPTER XLVIII.
Sketch of Mrs. Sarah B. Goode — Her birth — Marriage — Religions
life — Missionary and itinerant labors — Sickness — Death —
Conclusion 308
Please Note - the Choctaw Marriages Book has some faint pages which are difficult to read entirely.
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