Company logo since 2002 |
Company logo since 2002 | |
Type | Privately held company |
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Industry | Restaurants |
Genre | Fast food |
Founded | Bridgeport, Connecticut , U.S. (August 28, 1965) |
Founder | Fred DeLuca and Peter Buck |
Headquarters | Milford, Connecticut , U.S. |
Number of locations | 43,981 restaurants in 110 countries[ 1] |
Key people | Fred DeLuca (President) Millie Shinn (EVP) David Worroll (Controller) Don Fertman (CDO)[ 2] |
Products | Submarine sandwiches Salads Pizzas (some locations) |
Owner | Doctor's Associates Inc. |
Slogan | Eat Fresh |
Website | subway.com |
Subway (stylized as SUBWAY ) is an American fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine sandwiches (subs) and salads . It is owned and operated by Doctor's Associates Inc. Subway is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world, with 43,981 restaurants in 110 countries and territories as of June 18, 2015.[ 1] It is the largest single-brand restaurant chain and the largest restaurant operator in the world.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
Subway's international headquarters is in Milford, Connecticut ; five regional centers support Subway's international operations. The regional offices for European franchises are located in Amsterdam , Netherlands ; theAustralia and New Zealand locations are supported from Brisbane , Australia ; the Asian locations are supported from offices located in Beirut , Lebanon , and Singapore ; and the Latin America support center is in Miami ,Florida .[ 6]
The Walking Dead | |
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Genre | Serial drama [ 1] Horror [ 2] |
Based on | The Walking Dead by Robert Kirkman Tony Moore Charlie Adlard |
Developed by | Frank Darabont |
Starring |
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Theme music composer | Bear McCreary |
Opening theme | "The Walking Dead Theme" |
Composer(s) | Bear McCreary |
Country of origin | United States |
Originallanguage(s) | English |
No. of seasons | 5 |
No. of episodes | 67 (list of episodes ) |
Production | |
Executiveproducer(s) |
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Location(s) | Georgia |
Cinematography |
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Running time | 42–45 minutes |
Productioncompany(s) |
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Release | |
Original channel | AMC |
Picture format | 720p (16:9 HDTV ) |
Audio format | Dolby Digital 5.1 (DVD) Dolby TrueHD 5.1 (Blu-ray)Dolby TrueHD 7.1 (Blu-ray) |
Original release | October 31, 2010 – present |
Chronology | |
Related shows | Talking Dead Fear the Walking Dead |
External links | |
Official website |
The Walking Dead is an American horror drama television series developed by Frank Darabont , based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman , Tony Moore , and Charlie Adlard . Andrew Lincoln plays the show's lead character, sheriff's deputy Rick Grimes ,[ 3] who awakens from a months-long coma to confront a new, apocalyptic world overrun by flesh-eating zombies .[ 4]
Grimes reunites with his family and becomes the leader of a group he forms with some of the many other survivors whom he encounters in his quest for a safe haven. Together they are forced to survive and adapt in a world filled with the zombies (aka walkers) and certain humans who are even more dangerous than the zombies themselves.[ 5] The first season takes place in the Atlanta metropolitan area , and the second through fourth seasons are set in the surrounding countryside of northern Georgia .[ 4]
The Walking Dead premiered in the U.S. on October 31, 2010, on the cable television channel AMC [ 6] and internationally in November 2010 on Fox International Channels .[ 7] AMC has renewed the series each year because of its consistently increasing Nielsen ratings which have been unprecedentedly high for a cable series, including averaging the most 18- to 49-year-old adult viewers of any cable or broadcast television series during its fourth and fifth seasons.[ 8] The latter's season finale aired on March 29, 2015, and the series has been renewed for a sixth season.[ 9] In addition, AMC has ordered a companion series , Fear the Walking Dead , to debut in summer 2015.[ 10]
Zombies |
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Overview
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Zombies in media
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Zombies are undead creatures, typically depicted as mindless, reanimated human corpses with a hunger for human flesh. Zombies are most commonly found in horror and fantasy genre works. The term comes from Haitian folklore (Haitian French : zombi , Haitian Creole : zonbi ) where a zombie is a dead body animated by magic. Modern depictions of zombies do not necessarily involve magic but invoke other methods such as a virus.[ 1] [ 2]
Zombies have a complex literary heritage, with antecedents ranging from Richard Matheson and H. P. Lovecraft to Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein drawing on European folklore of the undead . George A. Romero 's reinvention of the monster for his 1968 film Night of the Living Dead led to several zombie films in the 1980s and a resurgence of popularity in the 2000s. The "zombie apocalypse" concept, in which the civilized world is brought low by a global zombie infestation, became a staple of modern popular art.
The English word "zombie" is first recorded in 1819, in a history of Brazil by the poet Robert Southey , in the form of "zombi".[ 3] The Oxford English Dictionary gives the origin of the word as West African, and compares it to theKongo words nzambi (god) and zumbi (fetish).
One of the first books to expose Western culture to the concept of the Vodou zombie was The Magic Island by W.B. Seabrook in 1929. This is the sensationalized account of a narrator who encounters voodoo cults in Haiti and their resurrected thralls. Time claimed that the book "introduced 'zombi' into U.S. speech".[ 4]
In 1932, Victor Halperin directed White Zombie , a horror film starring Bela Lugosi . Here zombies are depicted as mindless, unthinking henchmen under the spell of an evil magician. Zombies, often still using this voodoo-inspired rationale, were initially uncommon in cinema, but their appearances continued sporadically through the 1930s to the 1960s, with notable films including I Walked with a Zombie (1943) and Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959).
How these creatures came to be called "zombies" is not fully clear. The film Night of the Living Dead made no spoken reference to its undead antagonists as "zombies", describing them instead as "ghouls ", (though ghouls, which derive from Arabic folklore, are demons, not undead). Although George Romero used the term "ghoul" in his original scripts, in later interviews he used the term "zombie". The word "zombie" is used exclusively by Romero in his 1978 script for his sequel Dawn of the Dead ,[ 5] including once in dialog. According to George Romero, film critics were influential in associating the term "zombie" to his creatures, and especially the French magazine "Les Cahiers du Cinéma". He eventually accepted this linkage even though he remained convinced at the time that "zombies" corresponded to the undead slaves of Haitian Vodou as depicted in Bela Lugosi 's White Zombie .[ 6]
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Bewitched | |
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Genre | Fantasy sitcom |
Created by | Sol Saks |
Written by | Various[ nb 1] |
Directed by | William Asher (most episodes)[ nb 1] |
Starring | Elizabeth Montgomery Dick York (1964–1969) Dick Sargent (1969–1972) Agnes Moorehead David White |
Theme music composer | Howard Greenfield Jack Keller |
Composer(s) | Warren Barker (most episodes) |
Country of origin | United States |
Originallanguage(s) | English |
No. of seasons | 8 |
No. of episodes | 254 (list of episodes ) |
Production | |
Executiveproducer(s) | Harry Ackerman |
Producer(s) | Danny Arnold (17 episodes, first season) Jerry Davis (most episodes, first and second seasons) William Froug (third season) William Asher (remainder of show) |
Camera setup | Single-camera |
Running time | 25 mins. |
Productioncompany(s) | Screen Gems Ashmont Productions (1971–1972) |
Distributor | Sony Pictures Television (2002–present) |
Release | |
Original channel | ABC |
Picture format | Black-and-white (1964–1966) Color (1966–1972) |
Audio format | Monaural |
Original release | September 17, 1964 – March 25, 1972 |
Chronology | |
Followed by | Tabitha |
Bewitched is an American TV situation comedy fantasy which was broadcast for eight seasons on ABC from 1964 to 1972. It was created by Sol Saks under executive director Harry Ackerman , and starred Elizabeth Montgomery , Dick York (1964–1969), Agnes Moorehead , and David White . Dick Sargent replaced an ill York for the final three seasons (1969–1972). The show is about a witch who marries an ordinary mortal man, and vows to lead the life of a typical suburban housewife. Bewitched enjoyed great popularity, finishing as the number two show in America during its debut season, and becoming the longest-running supernatural-themed sitcom of the 1960s–1970s. The show continues to be seen throughout the world in syndication and on recorded media.
In 2002, Bewitched was ranked #50 on "TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time ".[ 1] In 1997, the same magazine ranked the season 2 episode "Divided He Falls" #48 on their list of the "100 Greatest Episodes of All Time ".[ 2]
Willow Rosenberg | |
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Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel character | |
Alyson Hannigan as Willow | |
First appearance | "Welcome to the Hellmouth " |
Created by | Joss Whedon |
Portrayed by | Alyson Hannigan |
Information | |
Affiliation | Scooby Gang |
Notable powers | Powerful magical abilities |
Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan .
Willow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang —who support Buffy Summers , a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale . The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy and nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant if inconsistent. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.
The Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal of a woman whose powers force her to seek balance between what is best for the people she loves and what she is capable of doing. Her character stood out as a positive portrayal of a Jewish woman and at the height of her popularity, she fell in love with another woman, a witch named Tara Maclay . They became one of the first lesbian couples on U.S. television and one of the most positive relationships of the series. Willow appears in every Buffy episode (making her the only character besides Buffy herself to do so), is featured in three episodes of the spinoff Angel , an animated series and video game—both of which use Hannigan's voice, and the comic Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–2011), which uses Hannigan's likeness and continues Willow's storyline following the television series.
Tara Maclay | |
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Buffy the Vampire Slayer character | |
Amber Benson as Tara Maclay | |
First appearance | "Hush " |
Created by | Joss Whedon |
Portrayed by | Amber Benson |
Information | |
Affiliation | Scooby Gang |
Classification | Witch |
Notable powers | Magic |
Tara Maclay is a recurring character created for the action-horror/fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed by Amber Benson . Tara is a shy young woman with magical talents who falls in love with Willow Rosenberg , one of the core characters. Together, they help Buffy Summers , who has been given superhuman powers to defeat evil forces in the fictional town of Sunnydale .
Willow was a popular character when Tara was introduced, and the onset of their relationship was met with some resistance from fans. Tara grows from a reserved girl who is unsure of herself to being the moral center of Buffy's circle of friends, named the Scooby Gang . Her relationship with Willow is consistently positive, and the first recurring depiction of a lesbian couple on prime time network series television in the United States. Tara is killed by a stray gunshot toward the end of the sixth season, causing Willow to go on a rampage. Series writers and producers received angry protests from some fans when Tara was killed, including accusations ofhomophobia . Whedon upheld that it was the necessary course to take to propel Willow's story arc further; both the show's producers and Amber Benson deny that there was any malicious intent behind the decision. Tara was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters, ranking at No. 15.[ 1]
Wyatt Earp | |
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Earp at about age 42.[ 1] :104 |
Wyatt Earp | |
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Earp at about age 42.[ 1] :104 | |
Born | Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp March 19, 1848 Monmouth , Warren County Illinois , U.S. |
Died | January 13, 1929 (aged 80) Los Angeles, California |
Occupation | Gambler, lawman, buffalo hunter, saloon keeper, bouncer, gold and copper miner, pimp,[ 2] boxing referee |
Years active | 1865–1898 |
Known for | Gunfight at the O.K. Corral ;Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match decision |
Opponent(s) | William Brocius ; Tom and Frank McLaury ; Ike and Billy Clanton |
Spouse(s) | Urilla Sutherland (wife) Sally Heckell (common-law wife?) Celia Ann "Mattie" Blaylock (common-law wife) Josephine Sarah Marcus (common-law wife) |
Children | None |
Relatives | Virgil , James , Morgan , Warren (brothers) |
Signature | |
O.K. Corral gunfight |
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Outlaw Cowboys |
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Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was an American gambler, Pima County , Arizona Deputy Sheriff, and Deputy Town Marshal in Tombstone , Arizona, who took part in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw Cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone, although his brother Virgil was Tombstone City Marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day, and had far more experience as a sheriff, constable, marshal, and soldier in combat.
Easy Rider | |
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Original poster | |
Directed by | Dennis Hopper |
Produced by | Peter Fonda |
Written by | Peter Fonda Dennis Hopper Terry Southern |
Starring | Peter Fonda Dennis Hopper Jack Nicholson |
Music by | The Band The Byrds The Jimi Hendrix Experience Roger McGuinn Steppenwolf |
Cinematography | László Kovács |
Edited by | Donn Cambern |
Production company | Raybert Productions Pando Company Inc. |
Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
Release dates |
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Running time | 95 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $360,000 |
Box office | $60 million[ 1] |
Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper. It tells the story of two bikers (played by Fonda and Hopper) who travel through the American Southwest and South . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood phase of filmmaking during the early 1970s. The film was added to the Library of Congress National Registry in 1998.
A landmark counterculture film,[ 2] and a "touchstone for a generation" that "captured the national imagination",[ 3] Easy Rider explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement, drug use , and communal lifestyle. In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances.[ 4]
Marilyn Monroe | |
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Monroe in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957) |
Marilyn Monroe | |
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Monroe in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957) | |
Born | Norma Jeane Mortenson June 1, 1926 Los Angeles, California , U.S. |
Died | August 5, 1962 (aged 36) Brentwood, Los Angeles , California, U.S. |
Cause of death | Barbiturate overdose |
Resting place | Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery , Westwood, Los Angeles |
Other names |
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Occupation | Actress, model, singer, film producer |
Years active | 1945–62 |
Notable work | Niagara , Gentlemen Prefer Blondes , River of No Return ,The Seven Year Itch , Some Like It Hot , The Misfits |
Religion |
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Spouse(s) |
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Golden Globe Awards | |
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AFI Awards | |
AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars (1999) | |
Signature | |
Marilyn Monroe [ 1] [ 2] (born Norma Jeane Mortenson ; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962)[ 3] was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol , starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s.[ 4]
After spending much of her childhood in foster homes , Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox . Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances inThe Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950) drew attention. By 1952 she had her first leading role in Don't Bother to Knock [ 5] and 1953 brought a lead in Niagara , a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her 'dumb blonde ' persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and The Seven Year Itch (1955). Limited bytypecasting , Monroe studied at the Actors Studio to broaden her range. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. Her production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, released The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance inSome Like It Hot (1959). Monroe's last completed film was The Misfits (1961), co-starring Clark Gable , with a screenplay written by her then-husband, Arthur Miller .
The final years of Monroe's life were marked by illness, personal problems, and a reputation for unreliability and being difficult to work with. Ever since Monroe's death from an overdose of barbiturates on August 5, 1962,the exact circumstances have been subject to conjecture. Though officially classified as a "probable suicide", the possibilities of an accidental overdose or a homicide have not been ruled out. In 1999, Monroe was ranked as the sixth-greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute . In the decades following her death, she has often been cited as both a pop and a cultural icon as well as the quintessential American sex symbol.[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] In 2009, TV Guide Network named her No. 1 in Film's Sexiest Women of All Time .[ 9]
Lucille Ball | |
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Ball in 1941 | |
Born | Lucille Désirée Ball August 6, 1911 Jamestown, New York , U.S. |
Died | April 26, 1989 (aged 77) Beverly Hills, California |
Cause of death | Abdominal aortic dissection |
Other names | Lucille Ball Morton Lucille Ball Arnaz Diane Belmont Lucy Ball Lucy Arnaz Lucy Morton |
Occupation | Actress, comedian, model, film executive |
Years active | 1932–1989 |
Spouse(s) |
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Children | Lucie Arnaz Desi Arnaz Jr. |
Signature |
Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, model, and film studio executive. She was the star of the sitcoms I Love Lucy , The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour , The Lucy Show ,Here's Lucy , and Life with Lucy .[ 1]
Ball's career in the spotlight began in 1929, when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, Lucille began her performing career on Broadway using the stage name Diane Belmont and Dianne Belmont. She performed many small movie roles in the 1930s and 1940s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures , being cast as a chorus girl, or in similar roles, and was dubbed the "Queen of the Bs" (referring to her many roles inB-films ).[citation needed ]. In the midst of her work as a control player for RKO, Ball met Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz . The two eloped in 1940.
During the 1950s, Lucille Ball became a television star. In 1951, Ball and Arnaz created the television series I Love Lucy , a show that would go on to be one of the most beloved programs in television history. On July 17, 1951, at almost forty years of age, Ball gave birth to their first child, Lucie Désirée Arnaz .[ 2] A year and a half later, she gave birth to their second child, Desiderio Alberto Arnaz IV, known as Desi Arnaz, Jr. [ 3] Ball and Arnaz divorced on May 4, 1960.
In 1962, Ball became the first woman to run a major television studio , Desilu . Her studio produced many successful and popular television series , including Mission: Impossible and Star Trek .[ 4] She continued making film and television appearances for most of the rest of her life, albeit without ever attaining the success she enjoyed in the 1950s.
Ball was nominated for an Emmy Award thirteen times and won four times.[ 5] In 1977, Ball was among the first recipients of the Women in Film Crystal Award .[ 6] She was the recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1979,[ 7] the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986,[ 8] and the Governors Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in 1989.[ 9]
On April 26, 1989, Ball died of an abdominal aortic dissection at the age of seventy-seven.[ 10] At the time of her death, she had been married to standup comedian Gary Morton , her business partner and second husband, for more than twenty-seven years.[ 11]
Sleeping Beauty | |
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Original theatrical poster | |
Directed by | Clyde Geronimi Les Clark Eric Larson Wolfgang Reitherman |
Produced by | Walt Disney |
Written by | Erdman Penner (adaptation) Joe Rinaldi Winston Hibler Bill Peet Ted Sears Ralph Wright Milt Banta |
Based on | La Belle au bois dormant byCharles Perrault The Sleeping Beauty byPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Little Briar Rose by The Brothers Grimm |
Starring | Mary Costa Eleanor Audley Verna Felton Barbara Luddy Barbara Jo Allen Bill Shirley Taylor Holmes Bill Thompson |
Narrated by | Marvin Miller |
Music by | George Bruns |
Production company | Walt Disney Productions |
Distributed by | Buena Vista Distribution |
Release dates |
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Running time | 75 minutes |
Language | English |
Budget | $6 million[ 1] |
Box office | $51.6 million[ 2] |
Sleeping Beauty is a 1959 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney based on The Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault and Little Briar Rose by The Brothers Grimm . The 16th film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series , it was released to theaters on January 29, 1959, by Buena Vista Distribution . This was the last Disney adaptation of a fairy tale for some years because of its initial disappointing box office gross and mixed critical reception; the studio did not return to the genre until 30 years later, after Walt Disney died, with the release of The Little Mermaid (1989).
The film was directed by Les Clark , Eric Larson , and Wolfgang Reitherman , under the supervision of Clyde Geronimi , with additional story work by Joe Rinaldi, Winston Hibler, Bill Peet , Ted Sears , Ralph Wright, and Milt Banta. The film's musical score and songs, featuring the work of the Graunke Symphony Orchestra under the direction of George Bruns , are arrangements or adaptations of numbers from the 1890 Sleeping Beauty ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky .
Sleeping Beauty was the first animated film to be photographed in the Super Technirama 70 widescreen process, as well as the second full-length animated feature film to be filmed in anamorphic widescreen, following Disney's own Lady and the Tramp four years earlier. The film was presented in Super Technirama 70 and 6-channel stereophonic sound in first-run engagements.
The Princess and the Frog | |
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Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by |
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Produced by |
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Screenplay by |
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Story by |
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Based on |
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Starring |
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Music by | Randy Newman |
Edited by | Jeff Draheim |
Production company |
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Distributed by | Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |
Release dates |
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Running time | 97 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $105 million[ 1] |
Box office | $267 million[ 2] |
The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical romantic fantasy-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The 49th film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series , the film is loosely based on the novel The Frog Princess by E. D. Baker , which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale "The Frog Prince ". Written and directed by Ron Clements andJohn Musker , the film features an ensemble voice cast that stars Anika Noni Rose , Bruno Campos , Keith David , Michael-Leon Wooley , Jennifer Cody , and Jim Cummings , with Peter Bartlett , Jenifer Lewis , Oprah Winfrey ,Terrence Howard , and John Goodman . Set in 1920s New Orleans , Louisiana , the film tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of owning her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has been turned into a frog by an evil witch doctor, Tiana becomes a frog herself, and must find a way to turn back into a human before it is too late.
The Princess and the Frog began production under the working title The Frog Princess . It marked Disney's return to traditional animation , as it was the studio's first traditionally animated film since Home on the Range (2004). Co-directors Ron Clements and John Musker, directors of Disney's highly successful films The Little Mermaid (1989) and Aladdin (1992), returned to Disney to direct The Princess and the Frog . The studio returned to a Broadway musical -style format frequently used by Disney in the 1980s and 1990s, and features music written by composer Randy Newman , well known for his musical involvement in Pixar films such as A Bug's Life (1998), Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), and the Toy Story trilogy (1995, 1999 and 2010).
The Princess and the Frog opened in limited release in New York and Los Angeles on November 25, 2009, and in wide release on December 11, 2009. The Princess and the Frog was successful at the box-office, ranking first place on its opening weekend in North America, and grossing $267 million worldwide. The film received three Academy Award nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards : one for Best Animated Feature and two for Best Original Song. It lost to Up and Crazy Heart , respectively.[ 3] It is the first 2-D animated Disney film not to be released on VHS. The film also marked the return of Disney animated musical films based on well-known stories since the Disney Renaissance .
The Wizard of Oz (1939) | |
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Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Victor Fleming |
Produced by | Mervyn LeRoy |
Screenplay by |
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Based on | The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum |
Starring |
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Music by |
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Cinematography | Harold Rosson |
Edited by | Blanche Sewell |
Distributed by | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
Release dates |
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Running time | 101 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $2,777,000[ 1] |
Box office |
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The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , and the most well-known and commercially successful adaptation based on the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz byL. Frank Baum .[ 2] The film stars Judy Garland ; Terry the dog, billed as Toto; Ray Bolger , Jack Haley , Bert Lahr , Frank Morgan , Billie Burke , Margaret Hamilton , with Charley Grapewin and Clara Blandick , and the Singer Midgets as the Munchkins, with Pat Walshe as leader of the flying monkeys.[ 3] Notable for its use of Technicolor , fantasy storytelling, musical score and unusual characters, over the years it has become one of the best-known films and part of American popular culture. It also featured in cinema what may be for the time the most elaborate use of character make-ups and special effects. It was not a box office success on its initial release, earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, despite receiving largely positive reviews.[ 1] [ 4] The film was MGM's most expensive production at that time, and did not recoup much of the studio's investment until subsequent re-releases.[ 5] It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture but lost to Gone with the Wind . It did win in two other categories including Best Original Song for "Over the Rainbow ." The song was ranked first in two lists: the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs and the Recording Industry Association of America 's "365 Songs of the Century ".
The 1956 television broadcast of the film re-introduced the film to the public that eventually made it an annual tradition and one of the most known films in cinema history.[ 2] The film was named the most-viewed motion picture on television syndication by the Library of Congress who also included the film in its National Film Registry in its inaugural year in 1989. Designation on the registry calls for efforts to preserve it for being "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant".[ 6] It is often ranked on best-movie lists in critics' and public polls. It is the source of many quotes referenced in modern popular culture . It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled Gone With the Wind production). Noel Langley , Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but there were uncredited contributions by others. The songs were by Edgar "Yip" Harburg (lyrics) and Harold Arlen (music). The incidental music, based largely on the songs, was composed by Herbert Stothart , with interspersed renderings from classical composers.
First edition design | |
Author | L. Frank Baum |
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Illustrator | John R. Neill |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Series | The Oz Books |
Genre | Children's novel |
Publisher | Reilly & Britton |
Publication date | 1910 |
Media type | Print (hardcover) |
ISBN | NA |
Preceded by | The Road to Oz |
Followed by | The Patchwork Girl of Oz |
The Emerald City of Oz is the sixth of L. Frank Baum 's fourteen Land of Oz books. It was also adapted into a Canadian animated film in 1987. Originally published on July 20, 1910, it is the story of Dorothy Gale and her Uncle Henry and Aunt Em coming to live in Oz permanently. While they are toured through the Quadling Country , the Nome King is assembling allies for an invasion of Oz. This is the first time in the Oz series that Baum made use of double plots for one of the books.[ 1]
Baum had intended to cease writing Oz stories with this book, but financial pressures prompted him to write and publish The Patchwork Girl of Oz , with seven other Oz books to follow.[ 2]
The book was dedicated to "Her Royal Highness Cynthia II of Syracuse" — actually the daughter (born in the previous year, 1909) of the author's younger brother, Henry Clay "Harry" Baum.