The Philosophy of the Kalam by Harry Austryn Wolfson (English) Hardcover Book

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The Philosophy of the Kalam

by Harry Austryn Wolfson

Wolfson describes the body of doctrine known as the Kalam. Kalam, an Arabic term meaning "speech" and hence "discussion," was applied to early attempts in Islam to adduce philosophic proofs for religious beliefs. It later came to designate a system of religious philosophy which reached its highest point in the eleventh century.

FORMAT Hardcover LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New

Publisher Description

Harry Wolfson was renowned throughout the world for the depth, scope, and wisdom of his monumental volumes on the structure and growth of philosophic systems from Plato to Spinoza. It was not only his extraordinary erudition that commanded respect, his awesome mastery of all the primary sources, Greek, Christian, Judaic, and Muslim; it was also his penetrating insight and his original and groundbreaking interpretations.

In this long-awaited volume, on which he worked for twenty years, Wolfson describes the body of doctrine known as the Kalam. Kalam, an Arabic term meaning "speech" and hence "discussion," was applied to early attempts in Islam to adduce philosophic proofs for religious beliefs. It later came to designate a system of religious philosophy which reached its highest point in the eleventh century; the masters of Kalam, known as Mutakallimum, were in many respects the Muslim equivalent of the Christian Church Fathers. Wolfson studies the Kalam systematically, unfolding its philosophic origins and implications and observing its repercussions in other religions. He scrutinizes the texts of Muslim writers for their treatment of such crucial problems as the attributes of God, the Creation, causality, predestination and free will. In the process he shows how the teachings of the Koran were constantly interwoven with ideas from Greek and Oriental philosophies, Judaism, and Christianity as Islamic thought developed.

As lucidly written and intellectually stimulating as all the author's earlier books, this volume is a fitting capstone to a notable career.

Author Biography

Harry Austryn Wolfson was Nathan Littauer Professor of Hebrew Literature and Philosophy, Emeritus, Harvard University.

Table of Contents

THE KALAM I. The Term Kalam II.The Kalam According to Shahrastani and Ibn Haldun III. The Kalam According to Maimonides IV. Influences 1. Christianity 2. Greek Philosophy 3. Iranian and Indian Religions 4. Judaism V. Origin, Structure, Diversity VI. Christian and Jewish Kalam Introductory Statement 1. Christian Kalam 2. Jewish Kalam ATTRIBUTES I. The Muslim Attributes and the Christian Trinity II. Denial of the Reality of Attributes III. Created Attributes IV. Modes I. Mu'ammar's ma'na 2. Abu Hashim's ahwal 3. Opposition to Abu Hashim V.The Semantic Aspect of the Problem of Attributes THE KORAN I. The Uncreated Koran 1. Origin of the Doctrine of the Uncreated Koran 2. The Unraised Problem Of Inlibration a. Ibn Kullab and the Denial of Inlibration b. Ibn Hanbal and the Affirmation of Inlibration c. The Hanbalite Ash'ari d. The Kullabite Ash'ari and Ash'arites e. The Hanbalite Ibn Hazm II. The Created Koran 1. The Denial of the Uncreated Koran and the Denial of Eternal Attributes 2. The Created Koran as a Pre-Existent Created Heavenly Koran 3. The Denial of a Pre-Existent Heavenly Koran III. The Formal Creeds on Inlibration 1. The Wasiyyah 2. Nasafi And Taftazani 3. Fadali IV. The Terms Muhdath, Hadath, and Hadith as Applied to the Koran ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY I. Trinity and Incarnation in the Koran II. Trinity and Incarnation in the Kalam III. The Philosopher Kindi And Yahya Ibn 'adi on the Trinity IV. An Unknown Splinter Group of Nestorians V. Muslim Attributes In Medieval Christianity CREATION OF THE WORLD I. Creation Ex Nihilo 1. Historical Background 2. The Kalam Controversy Over the Nonexistent (al-ma'dum) as a Controversy Over ex nihilo II. Arguments For Creation 1. Argument From Finitudes and the Reconstruction of its Original Form in John Philoponus 2. Argument From the Analogy of Things in the World 3. Argument From the Aggregation and Segregation of Atoms 4. Argument From the Createdness of the Accidents of the Component Parts of the World 5. Argument From the Impossibility of an Infinite by Succession 6. Argument From Particularization 7. Argument From Preponderation 8. Argument From Immortal Souls III. The Kalam Arguments For Creation in Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventura ATOMISM I. Affirmation of Atomism 1. Origin of Atomism in the Kalam 2. An Unknown Pseudo-Democritean Fragment and the Unextendedness of Atoms in the Kalam 3. Greek Descriptions of Atoms as Reflected in the Atomism of the Kalam II. The Denial of Atomism and the Theories of Latency (kumun) and the Leap (al-ta frah) CAUSALITY I. The Denial of Causality 1. The Duration and Destruction of Things 2. The Theory Of Custom ('adah) and its Formulation by Ghazali 3. Averroes' Criticism of the Denial of Causality and of the Theory of Custom II. Affirmation Of Causality III. Impossibilities IV. Repercussions in Christianity 1. St. Thomas on the Kalam Denial of Causality 2. Nicolaus of Autrecourt and GhazalI's Argument Against Causality PREDESTINATION AND FREE WILL I. The Predestinarians II.The Libertarians III. The Hatirani in the Kalam and Ghazal as Inner Motive Powers of Human Actions IV. Generated Effects (al-mutawalladat) V. The Antinomies of Free Will 1. Free Will and the Predestinarian Verses in the Koran 2. Free Will and the Appointed Term (ajal) 3. Free Will and Preordained Sustenance 4. Free Will and God's Foreknowledge 5. Free Will and God's Power: The Theory of Acquisition (kasb iktisab) a. Pre-Ash'arite Acquisition b. Acquisition in Ash'ari, Bakillani, and Juwayni c. Acquisition in Ghazali WHAT IS NEW IN THE KALAM 1. Attributes 2. The Koran 3. Creation 4. Atomism 5. Causality 6. Predestination Conclusion Bibliographical Note Bibliography Index Of References

Details ISBN0674665805 Author Harry Austryn Wolfson Short Title PHILOSOPHY OF THE KALAM Publisher Harvard University Press Series Structure & Growth of Philosophic Systems from Plato to Spinoza; 4 Language English ISBN-10 0674665805 ISBN-13 9780674665804 Media Book Format Hardcover DEWEY 297.2 Year 1976 Imprint Harvard University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, Mass Country of Publication United States Birth 1887 Death 1974 Pages 810 Illustrations none DOI 10.1604/9780674665804 UK Release Date 1976-01-01 AU Release Date 1976-01-01 NZ Release Date 1976-01-01 US Release Date 1976-01-01 Publication Date 1976-01-01 Audience Undergraduate

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TheNile_Item_ID:136256735;
  • Condition: Brand New
  • ISBN-13: 9780674665804
  • Publication Year: 1976
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Language: English
  • Book Title: The Philosophy of the Kalam
  • Item Height: 222mm
  • Author: Harry Austryn Wolfson
  • Publisher: Harvard University Press
  • Topic: Popular Philosophy
  • Item Width: 152mm
  • Item Weight: 1089g
  • Number of Pages: 810 Pages

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