SANJAK ALEXANDRETTA- Turkey Syria Armenians Ալեքսանտրէթի Սանճաքի_ Sandjak Sanjaq

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Seller: kilmj ✉️ (2,216) 100%, Location: USA or-, AM, Ships to: US, EUROPE, JP, CA, AU, Item: 364046887438 SANJAK ALEXANDRETTA- Turkey Syria Armenians Ալեքսանտրէթի Սանճաքի_ Sandjak Sanjaq.
 

SANJAK ALEXANDRETTA- Turkey Syria Armenians Ալեքսանտրէթի Սանճաքի... Sandjak Sanjaq

  • Title"The Alexandretta Sanjak Question and World Diplomacy 1918-1939" (Ալեքսանտրէթի Սանճաքի Հարցը եւ Միջազգային Դիւանագիտութիւնը  (1918-1939)  /  (Alexsantreti Sanjaqi Hartse ev Mijazdayin Divanagitutyune)
  • Author(s):  A. A. Payramyan  (Ա. Ա. Պայրամեան)
  • Language:  Armenian with English & French summaries  (Հայերեն)
  • Publisher:  "The Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia" Publishing House  (Տպարան «Կաթողիկոսութեան Հայոց Մեծի Տանն Կիլիկիոյ»)
  • Place:  Antilias- Lebanon  (Անթիլիաս - Լիբանան)
  • Year:  1999  Copies:  Very LimitedCover:  Hard
  • Sizes (approx.):  7(W) x 9.65(H) inches  (17.7 x 24.5 cm);  Pages:  318
  • Condition:  New; Illustrated
  • Item Code:  UA-1006+

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The Alexandretta-Antioch (Sanjak of Alexandretta) region, as all of Syria, was under Ottoman rule until 1918, and this Syrian "Muhafazat" (province), with a mixed population of Arabs, Armenians, Turks-Turcomans, etc. was annexed to Turkey in 1939.

The "Alexandrette Quesion" has been a subject of great concern for the political and diplomatic circles of the Mediterranean power since 1920. Even today it remains a problem for the countries of the Middle East: the Alexandrette issue was one of the main debated questions ...

Ալեքսանտրէթի Սանճաքի Հարցը եւ Միջազգային Դիւանագիտութիւնը (1918-1939)

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ADDITIONAL INFO

Sanjaks Sanjaks (Ottoman Turkish: سنجاق Prefectures) were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. Sanjak, and the variant spellings sandjak, sanjaq, and sinjaq, are English transliterations of the Turkish word sancak, meaning district, banner, or flag. Sanjaks were also called by the Arabic word for banner or flag, liwa. Hatay State (Turkish: Hatay Devleti, French: État du Hatay, Arabic: ???? ?????), also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from September 7, 1938 to June 29, 1939 in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The State was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province on July 7, 1939 and joined Turkey on July 23, 1939. Hatay Province also includes districts of Erzin, Dörtyol and Hassa in addition to former Hatay State territories. History Formerly part of the Aleppo province of the Ottoman Empire, the Sanjak of Alexandretta was occupied by France at the end of World War I and constituted part of the French Mandate of Syria. The Sanjak of Alexandretta was an autonomous sanjak from 1921 to 1923, as a result of the French-Turkish treaty of 20 October 1921, considering the presence of an important Turkish community alongside with Arab and Armenian ones. Then it was attached to the State of Aleppo, then in 1925 it was directly attached to the State of Syria, still with a special administrative status. Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk refused to accept the Sanjak of Alexandretta to be part of the Mandate and, in a speech on 15 March 1923 in Adana, claimed, probably in projection to the Turkish Historical Thesis, that it was "a Turkish homeland for forty centuries" that "can't be a captive at the hands of enemy". Turkish politics aimed at incorporating the Sanjak of Alexandretta when the French mandate of Syria would expire in 1935. Local Turks initiated reforms in the style of Atatürk's, formed various organisations and institutions in order to promote the idea of union with Turkey. In 1936, the elections returned two Syrian independentist (favoring the independence of Syria from France) MP's in the Sanjak, and this prompted communal riots as well as passionate articles in the Turkish and Syrian press. Particularly, Arab nationalist Zaki al-Arsuzi was influential in anti-irredentist agitation. Atatürk coined the name Hatay for the Sanjak of Alexandretta, and raised the issue of Hatay (Turkish: Hatay Meselesi) at the League of Nations. On behalf of the League of Nations, representatives of France, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium and Turkey prepared a constitution for the Sanjak. The new statute came into power in November 1937, the Sanjak becoming 'distinct but not separated' from Syria on the diplomatic level, linked to both France and Turkey for defence matters. 1938 voter registration On July 5, 1938, the Turkish military went into the Sanjak from Payas and Hassa and expelled most of its Arab and Armenian inhabitants. Before this, Alawi Arabs and Armenians made up the majority of the Sanjak's population. Turkey also crossed tens of thousands of Turks into the Sanjak of Alexandretta. An ethnic voter registration was initiated to determine the repartition of the seats in the sanjak assembly. However, the results seemed to be questionable because it happened for the sole purpose of seat repartition, and Turkish propaganda was very active among Alevis and Circassians, all of whom were considered as Turks by Ankara. According to the official registration numbers by July 22, 1938, 57,008 voters in the Sanjak were registered, belonging to the following ethnic groups. Turks: 35,847 Arab Alawis: 11,319 Armenians: 5,504 Arab Christians (Antiochian Greeks): 2,098 Arab (Sunni): 1,845 "Others": 359 40 seats of the sanjak assembly per qadaa were distributed as follows: Antakya: 14 Turks, 7 Arab Alawis, 2 Armenians, 2 Sunni Arabs, 1 Arab Orthodox Christian Iskenderun: 3 Turks, 2 Arab Alawis, 1 Armenian, 1 Arab Orthodox Christian Kirikhan: 5 Turks, 2 Armenians Total: 22 Turks, 9 Arab Alawis, 5 Armenians, 2 Sunni Arabs, 2 Arab Orthodox Christians Despite the voter registration, no elections were held and an "approved" sanjak assembly was commissioned by Turkish and French authorities. Tayfur Sökmen who was appointed by Atatürk to lead the transition arrived in Antakya from Dörtyol on August 25, 1938. Proclamation of independence On September 6, 1938, the constitution was adopted. It resembled strongly the constitution created by the League of Nations for the Sanjak of Alexandretta. The constitution defined the territory as an independent state called "Hatay Devleti" (Hatay State), divided into Antakya and four districts (Iskenderun, Ordu (Yayladagi), Kirikhan, Reyhaniye (Reyhanli). Turkish was declared the state language, while French retained a status as a secondary language. Schools teaching Arabic could continue to do so. On September 7, 1938, the Hatay adopted a flag sketched by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. On February 6, 1939, the Hatay legislative adopted all Turkish laws, and on March 13, 1939, made the Turkish lira the official currency. Annexation On June 29, 1939, the Hatay legislative voted on disestablishing the Hatay State and joining Turkey. On July 7, 1939, the Grand National Assembly approved the law establishing the Hatay Province and incorporating districts from Adana Province (then Seyhan Province) and Gaziantep Province. By July 23, 1939, last vestiges of the French Mandate authorities left Antakya and the territory was fully annexed to Turkey. Ալեքսանտրէթի Սանճաք Սանճաք

Tags: armenia, armenian, armenians, arminia, arminian, armyani, armeniya, armyanin, l'Arménie, l'arménien, les Arméniens, Armenien, Hay, Haykakan, Hayastan, Hayastani, Hayots, Patmutyun, Badmutyun, Yeghern, Eghern, Genocide, 1915, Massacre, Kars, Marash, Zeitun, Erzerum, Mush, Van, Musa-Ler, Musa-Dagh, Mousa-Ler, Mousa, Musaler, Turkey, Turkish, Turks, Ottoman

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  • Condition: Like New
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • Place of Publication: Lebanon
  • Book Title: Alexandretta Sanjak Question and World Diplomacy 1918-1939
  • Subject: History
  • Edition: Limited Edition
  • Original/Facsimile: Original
  • Year Printed: 1999
  • Publication Year: 1999
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Language: Armenian
  • Special Attributes: Illustrated
  • Region: Europe
  • Author: A. A. Payramyan
  • Features: Illustrated
  • Topic: Armenians
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: Lebanon
  • ISBN: DoesNotApply

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