Italy 1700's - Luxury Sealed Letter - Used - Uniqe Mail Cover

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ITALY 1700's RARE LUXURY STAMP USED LETTER 100% Original Stamp
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Italy 1700's - Luxury Wax Stamped Letter - Used - Uniqe Mail Cover

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    POSTAGE PRODUCT INFORMATION NOT HINGED POSTAGE STAMP 200+ YEARS OLD ПОЧТОВАЯ ДЕНЕЖНАЯ МАРКА 200+ ЛЕТ The history of mail and stamps in Italy covers periods corresponding to the postal systems and issues of postage stamps of individual disparate Italian states (until the middle of the 19th century) and united Italy (since 1861). Italy is one of the founding countries of the Universal Postal Union (UPU; since 1875), and Poste italiane acts as its postal operator[2]. Content      1 Early development of mail          1.1 Ancient Rome          1.2 Middle Ages          1.3 Thurn and Taxis Post      2 Pre-unification period and first stamps      3 Kingdom of Italy: its post and stamps          3.1 Before World War I          3.2 Italy in World War I              3.2.1 Austro-Hungarian occupation              3.2.2 Local releases      4 Stamps of Italy in World War II          4.1 Anglo-American occupation          4.2 Italian Social Republic          4.3 Local releases      5 Italian Republic          5.1 Postage stamps          5.2 Unusual stamps          5.3 Errors on stamps      6 Definitive stamp series      7 Other types of postage stamps          7.1 Airmail          7.2 Newspaper          7.3 Surcharges          7.4 Delivery          7.5 Postage exemption stamps          7.6 Pneumatic mail stamps          7.7 Field post stamps          7.8 Parcel          7.9 Postage stamps          7.10 Settlement          7.11 Service          7.12 Rush stamps      8 Editions of Campione d'Italia      9 Italian Post Abroad      10 Private mail          10.1 Milan          10.2 "Koralit"      11 Frauds and fantasy releases      12 Development of philately      13 See also      14 Notes      15 Literature      16 Links Early postal development Ancient Rome Main article: Postal history § Ancient Rome See also: Roman roads The early postal history of Italy can be traced back to ancient Rome. In the Roman Republic, messengers and stations existed for government and private purposes. Under Emperor Augustus, the state transport system cursus publicus was significantly developed. Not being a postal service in the modern sense of the word, “cursus publicus” was a huge, branched, communication system that operated according to clear regulations [4]. Middle Ages The archives of church institutions and the regests of the Roman curia testify that even at the very beginning of the Middle Ages there was a lively exchange of messages between the head of the Catholic hierarchy and its members; but there is no indication of the existence of a specially ecclesiastical institution of messengers or couriers. Only between the numerous ramifications of spiritual orders was proper communication maintained, through the medium of wandering monks. At universities, where students flocked from various countries, corporations of professional messengers were formed, enjoying various privileges. In the XII-XIII centuries, messengers from universities in Bologna, Salerno, and Naples were famous[3]. With the development of city liberties, one of the most important means of communication was the institution of city messengers, which existed almost everywhere since the 14th century, but was especially developed in large shopping centers in Germany and Italy. From southern Germany the messengers of Augsburg maintained communications with Italy; they arrived in Venice via the Brenner in eight days[3]. Thurn and Taxis Post Main article: Thurn y Taxis Post Later, the name of the post in Italy, as in other advanced countries of that time, began to mean the whole set of institutions that were established by the state or under the control of the state for sending both government and private correspondence and for the transport of passengers [3]. The first experience of organizing mail in this sense of the word on a broad international basis was made by members of the Taxis family from Bergamo, who assumed the support of communications between the Habsburg possessions. This organization, which at first had a very modest size, was significantly expanded in 1516: postal lines for connecting with the Habsburg possessions in Italy were extended to Rome and Naples. The main postal route was the Brussels-Vienna-Italy line[3]. The word “porto” (Italian porto, which means postal fee, postal fee) dates back to the time when mail was born in Italy through the efforts of Taxis [3]. Pre-unification period and first stamps The postal history of Italy in the 19th century, before the creation of a single state in 1861, is associated with small independent states of the Apennine Peninsula, which had postal services and issued their own stamps[5]. The pre-marking stage of history is notable for the legislative initiative of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which introduced in 1818 a special kind of postage sheets with an imprint of a postage mark, which became known as “Sardinian horses” (cavallini sardi)[6][7]. The first postage stamps in Italy were also issued by the Kingdom of Sardinia. In 1850, Count Camillo Cavour presented a report to the Piedmontese Chamber of Deputies with a proposal to carry out a postal reform similar to those carried out in a number of European countries,considering the introduction of postage stamps, for the designation of which a new word was coined - francobollo. The reform became law in November and took effect on January 1, 1851. Postage stamps of the Kingdom of Sardinia with the profile of Victor Emmanuel II without indicating the name of the state were printed in the printing house of Francesco Matrera[en]) in Turin and went into circulation on January 1, 1851[7][8]. Following Sardinia, other Italian states also issued postage stamps. These include Tuscany (April 1851), the Papal States (January 1852), Modena (June 1852), Parma (June 1852), the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Kingdom of Naples - January 1858; Kingdom of Sicily - January 1859), Romagna (September 1859) . The Lombardo-Venetian kingdom was under Austrian rule, and Austrian stamps were in circulation there, issued specifically for Lombardo-Venice with denominations in local currency[5][9]. After the unification of Italy during 1860 and 1861, the postage stamps that were in circulation in the territories that were part of it were withdrawn from circulation and replaced by stamps of the Sardinian kingdom. Moreover, in Modena, Parma and Romagna, the transition took place on February 1, 1860, in Naples on September 15, 1862 (although the local authorities had previously printed stamps with the image of the coat of arms of Savoy), and in the Papal States - only in 1870 [7]. Kingdom of Italy: its post and stamps Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the Kingdom of Italy Before World War I Postage stamp of the Kingdom of Sardinia, fourth definitive issue, considered by some catalogs to be the first stamp of the Kingdom of Italy, 1862 (SG #1) The first postage stamp of the Kingdom of Italy[it], printed by the British printer De La Rue, 1863 (Mi #23) The first stamp of the Kingdom of Italy[it] with a portrait of Umberto I, 1879 (Mi #37A) The first stamp of the Kingdom of Italy[it] with a portrait of Victor Emmanuel III, 1901 (Mi #77) First commemorative stamp of Italy, 1910 (Mi #95) Postage stamp of the Kingdom of Italy[it] 1918 with advertising coupon, 1924 (Mi #130/R3) Italy's first charity postage stamp, 1915 (Mi #120) The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed on March 17, 1861. After the unification of Italy, the replacement by one postal administration of the previously existing seven met with difficulties due to the significant difference in the culture of the northern and southern provinces, as well as the huge number of illiterates. Nevertheless, the postal business soon achieved considerable success in Italy, being in some respects adapted to the peculiarities of the country. So, for example, at more significant post offices, special rooms were arranged for compiling letters; Postal orders (vaglia postali consolari) were accepted at Italian consulates to make it easier for Italians living abroad to send savings back to their homeland[3]. The first postage stamps[10] of the united country are usually considered to be the issues of the Kingdom of Sardinia printed in 1862-1863 (Matrera stamps) and circulating throughout Italy[7]. In February-October 1862, the fourth definitive issue stamps of the Kingdom of Sardinia were issued with an embossed profile of Victor Emmanuel II, printed in a changed size and with perforation. These were the first perforated stamps in Italy[9][11]. In 1862-1863, mixed frankings were allowed with stamps of the Kingdom of Sardinia and other Italian states[7]. From January 1, 1863, universal postal rates were introduced in Italy, sending a simple letter began to cost 15 centesimo instead of 20. In this regard, a stamp with a face value of 15 centesimo was issued, repeating the pattern and design of the stamps of the fourth definitive issue of Sardinia [9]. The Sardinian postage stamps were withdrawn from circulation on December 31, 1863[7]. In 1862, the contract for printing postage stamps of the Kingdom of Italy [it] was won by Count Ambjorn Sparre [sv], but the designs of the stamps proposed by him were not liked. In addition, the impression was that he would not be able to make stamps. In view of the threat of being left without any postage stamps, at the end of 1862 the Italian government again turned to F. Matrera, who in February 1863 printed a stamp with a face value of 15 centesimo by lithographic method. It depicted the profile of King Victor Emmanuel II and the inscription "Postale italiano". The stamp was withdrawn from circulation along with the "Sardinian" issues on December 31, 1863[9]. The contract with Count P. A. Sparre was canceled in March 1863, and a new contract was given to the British printer De La Rue. The first series of eight stamps of the Kingdom of Italy in denominations from 1 centesimo to 2 lire entered circulation on December 1, 1863. The 1 centesimo miniature depicted the denomination figure in a curly frame, the rest had a portrait of King Victor Emmanuel II and the inscription “Poste italiane” (“Italian Post”). This inscription remained, with a few exceptions, until 1969, when it was replaced by the new "Italia" ("Italy"), previously used only in 1923 and 1945-1947[5][7]. On October 9, 1874, Italy signed the Universal Postal Code.convention[3], and on July 1, 1875, among the founders, she became a member of the UPU[2]. At the Lisbon Universal Postal Congress of 1885[de] Italy joined the interstate agreement on the extension of the operation of postal orders[de] (riscossione) to their mutual relations[3]. From August 1877, Italian stamps began to be printed in the Turin printing house[12]. In 1878, King Umberto succeeded to the Italian throne. This necessitated a new issue of postage stamps. First issued on 15 August 1879, they were the first postage stamps in the kingdom to be entirely designed, engraved and printed by Italians. The new series used tariffs and colors prescribed by the UPU. Since 1889, the management of the postal business, connected with the telegraph part, was entrusted in Italy to a special ministry, which had 10 inspectors to supervise the provincial institutions. In each of the 69 provinces, a post and telegraph directorate was formed. Post offices (uffizi) were divided into two classes; in addition, there were postal agencies (collettorie) [3]. According to data on the number and activities of postal institutions, in Italy in 1894 there were[3]:      6183 post offices, which averaged one post office per 47.9 sq. km and 4682 inhabitants of this country;      538,628,000 postal items, including:          303,730 thousand letters,          63,430 thousand open letters,          252,256 thousand printed works,          2988 thousand postal orders and          782 thousand parcels. There were an average of 17.3 postal items per Italian resident. The excess of mail income over expenses, in terms of rubles of the Russian Empire of that time, amounted to 35,819 rubles [3]. The basic rate for forwarding simple closed letters in Italy was 20 centesimos. A maximum weight limit of 300 g was established for parcel shipments of factory samples. At the UPU Congress in Washington in 1897[de], Italy acceded to an interstate agreement under which governments mutually undertook to deliver periodicals published within their territories at the same prices as and domestic subscribers, with a surcharge only for possible transit costs; in the country of destination, commissions and similar surcharges could be made, but they should not go beyond the limits set for domestic subscribers of that country. For shipment within Italy, to post offices of the second category, values ​​not exceeding 5000 francs were accepted. When making postal orders, the sender who deposited money at the postal institution was given a transfer in his hands, which was sent to him in a letter to the addressee, and the latter presented it to the postal institution of his place of residence to receive the money transfer. The maximum amount for which postal orders were allowed was not very large and did not exceed 1000 lire. In 1905, Italy concluded an agreement with Russia on the mutual exchange of postal money orders. In Italy, postal bills were also used - postal orders for small specific amounts that were sold at post offices at a nominal price with a surcharge on commission and within a certain period could be presented for payment at any post office in the country that carried out the corresponding operations. There was another peculiar operation for making payments by mail, when a post office credit book (titolo di credito) could be purchased at post offices, upon presentation of which post offices paid the amount indicated in it in installments, as required, in the amount of 50 to 2000 lire. Thus, travelers got rid of the need to carry large amounts of money with them. The Italian State Post very early abandoned the carriage of parcels, leaving this matter to private enterprises (messageries)[3]. Since there were significant stocks of stamps from previous issues, and the kingdom was experiencing a shortage of funds, miniatures with a portrait of Victor Emmanuel II remained in circulation for several more years, until December 1889, so some denominations of stamps with a portrait of Umberto I were little used during his reign. In July 1901, the first stamps with a portrait of King Victor Emmanuel III were issued. All miniatures issued during the reign of Umberto I were withdrawn from circulation at the end of September 1902 [9]. According to the International Bureau of the UPU for 1903[13], the density of the postal network in Italy was one post office per 35 sq. km, and the internal exchange of letters approached one billion. The value of letters and parcels sent by Italian post with a declared value was 2.5 billion francs[3]. In 1924-1925, a number of stamps of the standard series were issued with coupons, on which advertisements of various companies were placed. In total, 13 types of coupons are known[7][9]. Until 1929, all definitive stamps were issued with the king's portrait or coat of arms. In April 1929, the so-called "Imperiale" series was issued, on the stamps of which images of Kapitthe Olian she-wolf with Romulus and Remus, Julius Caesar, Octavian Augustus and a symbolic image of Italy. During the Second World War, four stamps of this series were issued with coupons and without perforations. In 1945-1946 this series was reprinted with altered drawing details. The stamps were in circulation until July 1946[5][7][9]. The first series of two commemorative stamps was issued in April 1910 for the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Sicily. They depicted a portrait of J. Garibaldi. In Italy, a significant number of commemorative stamps are issued. For example, in the 1930s these were large series including postage and airmail stamps; Since 1948, series of one or two (sometimes more) stamps have been issued[5][7][9]. The first series of four postage stamps was issued in November 1915. The additional collection went to the benefit of the Red Cross[9]. In 1920-1923, Italian stamps issued in 1906-1911 overprinted "B. L.P." black, blue, orange and red were used by the Committee for the Relief of War Victims [7]. Until 1877, Italian stamps were used in San Marino[14]. Italy in World War I Austro-Hungarian occupation Stamp for the city of Udine (1918) In 1918, during the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Italian territories, the military authorities prepared 4 stamps for 18 settlements: Ampezzo, Auronzo di Cadore, Codroipo, Gemona del Friuli, Latisana, Longarone, Maniago, Moggio, Palmanova, Pieve di Cadore, San Daniele del Friuli, San Giorgio di Nogaro, San Pietro al Natisone, Spilimbergo, Tarcento, Tolmezzo, Udine and Cividale del Friuli. Italian fiscal stamps were overprinted with German text. "Ortspostmarke" ("Local Postmark"), the coat of arms of Austria-Hungary, the name of the settlement and the denomination in Italian currency from 1 to 4 centesimo. On the morning of June 15, 1918, the miniatures entered circulation in Udine. However, almost immediately, their implementation was discontinued, since the use of these stamps was prohibited by telegraph order of the main command of the Austro-Hungarian army. Letters franked with stamps issued for Udine are very rare. Stamps prepared for other settlements were not put into circulation[15][16]. Local releases Merano local postage stamp from the second series, 1918 (Mi #4) Stamp of the Municipality of Udine, 1918 (Mi #I) Merano After the capitulation of Austria-Hungary in the First World War on November 3, 1918, the city of Meran (Merano), which was part of it, was annexed to Italy. Due to the fact that the postal service in the city was broken on November 28, 1918, the city chamber of commerce organized a local post office to deliver newspapers, parcels and business correspondence. The local printing house printed two series of stamps in denominations of 2 (for newspapers), 5 (for postcards) and 10 hellers (for letters). The stamps of the first series, with the figure of the face value in a curly frame, were printed in sheets of 12 pieces (6 × 2). Their draws were as follows:      2 hellers - on pink paper 840 pieces (70 sheets);      5 hellers - on green paper 180 pieces 15 sheets);      5 hellers - on olive paper 240 pieces (20 sheets);      10 hellers - on light ultramarine paper 180 pieces (15 sheets);      10 hellers - on ultramarine paper 240 pieces (20 sheets). The second issue was printed on glossy colored paper, with yellowish glue. In the center of the miniatures was the coat of arms of Merano; the 2 heller stamp was printed on green paper, the 5 heller stamp on dark blue paper, and the 10 heller stamp on brick red paper. The local post office closed on December 15, 1918, due to the normalization of the work of the state post office[17][18]. Udine During the occupation of Udine by Austro-Hungarian troops in 1917-1918, there was a shortage of postage stamps in the city. In this regard, in 1918 the City Council issued special stamps with the inscription ital. "Municipio di Udine" (Municipality of Udine) and a framed denomination. The stamps were printed in sheets of 24 pieces (6 × 4), without teeth on one side. They were extinguished with a purple rubber linear stamp with the inscription "Annullato", and (or) a round purple rubber seal with the inscription "Municipio di Udine" and the coat of arms of the city in the center[7][15]. Stamps of Italy in World War II Anglo-American occupation After the landing of allied troops on the island of Sicily, in September 1943, a series of nine stamps of allied military mail with an overprint of English was put into circulation. "Italy" and denomination in Italian monetary units[5][9]. In December 1943, in Naples, three stamps of the standard "Imperial Series" were overprinted with ital. "Governo militare alleato" ("Allied military administration")[5][9]. In 1945, stamps overprinted "AMS" (eng. "Amgot Mail Service" - "Union Postal Service" or another option: Italian "Amministrazione Milanese Socialista") appeared, but their origin is unclear[5][9]. Italian Social Republic After Italy's withdrawal from World War II, a puppet state, the Italian Social Republic, was created in the north of the country occupied by Nazi Germany. In January 1944, there were releasedWe have our own stamps - Italian standard miniatures from the "Imperial Series" overprinted with the text "Repubblica Sociale Italiana", as well as the text and the lictor beam. In January, hasty postage stamps[5][9] were also overprinted. In June 1944, a series of 13 definitive stamps of original drawings was issued. In December of the same year, a series of three commemorative stamps dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the death of the Bandier brothers. This was the last issue of the Italian Social Republic[9]. Local releases During the anti-fascist liberation struggle, national liberation committees and individual partisan detachments issued local stamps during the liberation of cities. The most famous issues are Aosta (1944-1945), Arona (1945), Empire (1945), Savona (1945), Teramo (1945), etc.[7][9] Italian Republic Main article: Postage stamps of the Italian Republic Stamps The first stamp from the standard series "Italia turrita[en]", 1953 (Mi #884) The proclamation of the Republic was marked by a series of eight Republican History of Italy stamps issued in October 1946. The miniatures featured frescoes by Nicolò Barabino[en] and Paolo Veronese, paintings by Amos Caszioli[en], Italian churches, etc.[9] From June 1953 to November 1977, standard stamps were issued with a symbolic image of Italy in a tower crown (medallion from Syracuse) - "Italia turrita[en]". In total, 58 miniatures were issued with this pattern. From December 1978, they began to issue standard stamps "Italia" with a modified design. In January 2002, the definitive Italia stamps were issued in euro denominations. By 2006, 18 miniatures of this series were issued[7][9]. Postage stamp of Italy dedicated to the city of Fiume (Rijeka), 2007 (Unificato #3053) The first postal block of Italy was issued in October 1985, on the occasion of the philatelic exhibition "Italy-85". On the block were placed images of the first stamp of the Sardinian kingdom and the first stamp in the world - "Penny Black"[9]. All stamps issued after November 27, 1973 have an unlimited circulation time. In January 1999, stamps with denominations in Italian lira and euro were issued; since January 2002 - only in euros[5][7][9]. The world's first stereoscopic stamp. Italy, 1956 (Mi #976) On October 30, 2007, the Italian post was scheduled to issue a postage stamp dedicated to the former Italian city of Fiume (Rijeka), now part of Croatia. The miniature depicted the former governor's mansion and the inscription "Fiume - terra orientale già italiana" ("Fiume - the former eastern Italian territory"). However, Croatia protested, considering this emission offensive. At the request of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Communications postponed the implementation of the scandalous stamp until the dispute was settled. The stamp nevertheless went into circulation on December 10, 2007[19][20][21]. Fancy stamps In December 1956, the Italian Post issued a series of two miniatures to celebrate Italy's admission to the United Nations. The image of the globe on the stamp is given in such a way that when viewed through special glasses, a stereoscopic effect occurs. These are the first stereoscopic (volumetric) stamps of the world[5][7]. Errors on stamps Main article: Pink Gronky There are errors on some postal issues in Italy. Thus, a 205 lire stamp issued in April 1961, dedicated to the visit of President Gronchi to Peru, provoked a protest from the Peruvian embassy in connection with the incorrect depiction of the border between Peru and Ecuador[5][7]. It has also been noted that a 1957 road safety stamp has a red traffic light at the bottom[5][7][22]. Series of definitive stamps The following is a list of issues of Italian definitive stamps. Timeline of Italian definitive issues Other types of postage stamps Go to History of Italy Template History of Italy Ancient world      Prehistoric Italy      Etruscans (XII-VI centuries BC)      Magna Graecia (VIII-VII centuries BC)      Ancient Rome (VIII century BC - V century AD)      Italy under the rule of the Ostrogoths (V-VI centuries) Middle Ages      Medieval Italy      Italy under the rule of Byzantium (VI-VIII centuries)      Lombard kingdom (VI-VIII centuries)      Lombard Kingdom (VIII-X centuries)      Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire      Islam and the Normans in southern Italy      Maritime republics and Italian city-states new time      Italian Renaissance (XIV-XVI centuries)      Italian Wars (1494-1559)      Italy in Modern Times (1559-1815)      Risorgimento (1815-1861) Modern history      Kingdom of Italy (1861-1945)      Italy in World War I (1914-1918)      Fascism and colonial empire (1918-1945)      Italy in World War II (1940-1945)      Recent history of Italy (1945–present)      Lead years (1970s - 1980s) Selected topics      Historical states of Italy      Military history of Italy      Economic history of Italy      Genetic history of Italy      Electoral history      History of fashion in Italy      Postal history      Samerailway history      History of money in Italy      History of music in Italy Airmail Italy's first airmail stamp, 1917 (Mi #126) Italy is the birthplace of the world's first official airmail stamp. It was issued on May 20, 1917 for experimental aircraft flights on the route Turin - Rome. The miniature was a previously issued hasty mail stamp overprinted "Esperemento posta aerea maggio / 1917 / Torino - Roma Roma - Torino" ("Experimental Air Mail / May 1917 / Turin - Rome Rome - Turin") . On June 27, 1917, a stamp was issued in Italy for the Naples-Palermo airline. It was also a previously issued hasty mail stamp overprinted with the text "Idrovolante / Napoli-Palermo-Napoli" ("Seaplane / Naples - Palermo - Naples") and a new denomination [9]. Special airmail stamps were issued to pay for correspondence sent along the routes Rome - Rio de Janeiro, Rome - Buenos Aires, Rome - Mogadishu, as well as to pay for airship flights [5] [7]. To pay for postal correspondence delivered by aircraft of General Italo Balbo from Rome to Chicago, in May 1933, two stamps were issued, consisting of three parts. The denomination indicated on the right side was equal to the airfare to Iceland and North America; the face value of the middle part corresponded to the surcharge for the order and express delivery; the left side was an air express registered tag. The stamps were printed in sheets of 20 pieces. On the left side of each of them is placed the abbreviated name of one of the pilots. Thus, all stamps in the sheet are different. Stamps overprinted "Servizio di Stato" were used as service airmail stamps[5][7][9]. Airmail charity stamps were issued in October 1933 and July 1935[27]. The last Italian airmail stamps were issued in March 1973[27]. Newspaper The first newspaper stamp in Italy bearing the inscription "Giornali francobollo stampe" was issued in May 1862. It was printed in the printing house of F. Matrera and was a reissue of the newspaper stamp of the Kingdom of Sardinia of 1861 in changed colors. The stamp was withdrawn from circulation at the end of December 1863[9][28]. In December 1890, the last newspaper stamps were issued. These were the first parcel stamps in Italy overprinted with the text "Valevole / per le stampe" and the new denomination. The stamps were in circulation until December 31, 1891[9]. Additional payment Surcharge stamps bearing the inscription "Segnatasse" ("surcharge") have been issued since January 1863. The first additional stamps with the denomination figure in an oval were printed in the printing house of F. Matrera. The last surcharge stamps to date came out in 2001[7][9][29]. Delivery In some areas of Italy, correspondence is delivered by private individuals, and it is additionally franked with special stamps. The first delivery stamps bearing the inscription "Recapito autorizzato" ("Delivery permitted") were issued in July 1928. They depicted the coat of arms of Italy and the fascia. The last delivery stamps to date came out in September 1990. Usually these stamps were canceled with stamps of the company[7][9]. NewspaperStampItaly1862Michel13.jpg DueStampItaly1863Michel1.jpg RecapitoAutorizzatoItalia1928Michel1.jpg 1862: First newspaper stamp   (Mi #13) 1863: first postage stamp   (Mi #1) 1928: first delivery stamp   (Mi#1) Postage exemption stamps In March 1924, for the correspondence of state-supported charities, special stamps of three types were issued, indicating exemption from postage. They depicted the coat of arms of the Savoy dynasty, the Capitoline she-wolf and Italy in a tower crown; at the bottom, a black overprint of the name of the state institution was made on a special field. Similar stamps were issued, in particular, for the Association of Libraries of Bologna, the Roman National Association of War Invalids, etc.[7][9] Pneumatic mail stamps Pneumatic mail forwarding was organized in Italy in 1910. In April 1913, special stamps were issued with the inscription "Posta pneumatica" ("Pneumatic Post"). The last pneumatic mail stamps came out in March 1966. They were withdrawn from circulation on February 13, 1992[7][9]. Field postage stamps In April 1943, a series of definitive and airmail stamps were issued for the Italian field mail, overprinted "R. M." ("Posta militare" - "Military mail"). The stamps were used until August 7, 1945[7][9]. In the fall of 1940, the French city of Bordeaux became a naval base for the Axis. The 12th submarine flotilla was based here, which, after the surrender of Italy, included the surviving Italian boats. In November 1943, by order of the Italian command of the base, the stamps of the standard "Imperial Series" were overprinted "Italia Repubblicana Fascista Base Atlantica". In 1944, the text of the overprint was changed to "Repubblica sociale Italiana Base Atlantica". The base ceased to exist at the end of August 1944[7][9]. In October 1943, the National Republican was created in the Italian Social Republic. Kai Guard[en], whose main task was to maintain internal security, in particular, the fight against partisans, as well as the protection of important state facilities[30]. In December 1943 - February 1944, units of the National Republican Guard, located in Verona and Brescia, overprinted "G. N.R." (“Guardia nazionale repubblicana” is the abbreviated name of the guard)[7][9]. EntiSemistataliItaly1924Michel1.jpg PneumaticaStampItaly1913Michel110.jpg 1924: first stamp exemption from postage Italy for Library associations Bologna (Mi #1) 1913: the first brand of pneumatic mail (Mi #110) 1943: first stamp Italian field mail (Mi #1) 1943: stamp Italian military naval base in Bordeaux (France)   (Mi #8) 1943: brand National Republican Guards (Mi #3) Parcel In July 1884, the first parcel stamps were issued. They depicted the profile of King Umberto I and gave the inscription "Pacchi postali" ("Post packages"). The stamps were withdrawn from circulation at the end of December 1890[7][9]. From July 1914, parcel stamps consisting of two parts were put into circulation. The left side was pasted on the form attached to the parcel, and the right side was pasted on the spine remaining with the sender. The last parcel stamps were issued in March 1973. They were in circulation until February 13, 1992[7][9]. In Italy, the state post office carries parcels weighing up to 20 kg; heavier ones are transported by private firms that pay the appropriate tax. From July 1953, special stamps were issued to pay for such shipments, resembling parcels, but with the inscription "Transporto pacchi in concessioner" ("Transportation of parcels under license"). In July 1984, the last stamp of this type was issued. It differed from the stamps of previous issues in that it did not have a tear-off spine. It was withdrawn from circulation on May 5, 1987[7][9]. Postage stamps In July 1924, a series of six postage stamps was issued in denominations from 20 centesimo to 3 lire. On the miniatures in centesimo, the denomination figure was depicted in an ornament, in lira - an angel. The stamps bear the inscription "Segnatasse Vaglia". They were in circulation for about two years, withdrawn on June 30, 1926. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.[18] Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire,[19] beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium.[19] Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century.[20] The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.[21][22] Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state.[23] The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II,[24][25] and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[26][27][28] Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and sole successor state of the Soviet Union.[29] It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015.[30] Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world,[31] making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally.[32][33] The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[34] Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, as well as a member of the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. History    Timeline    Proto-Indo-Europeans Scythians East Slavs Rus' Khaganate Kievan Rus' Novgorod Republic Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire Russian Republic Russian SFSR Soviet Union Russian Federation By topic    Economy Military Journalism ‎ Postal Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg Geography    Subdivisions Borders Earthquakes Geology European Russia Caucasus Mountains North Caucasus Caspian Sea Ural Mountains West Siberian Plain Siberia Russian Far East North Asia Extreme points Cities and towns Islands Lakes Rivers Volcanoes Climate Mountains Politics    Conscription Constitution Elections Presidential elections Federal budget Foreign relations Freedom of assembly Freedom of press Media Government Human rights Judiciary Law Citizenship Civil Service Law enforcement (Prisons) Liberalism Military Opposition Political parties President of Russia Economy    Agriculture Aircraft industry Car industry Banking Central Bank Corruption 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[hide] v t e Countries and dependencies of Asia Abkhazia Afghanistan Akrotiri and Dhekelia Armenia Artsakh Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cyprus Egypt Georgia Hong Kong India British Indian Ocean Territory Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Macau Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Northern Cyprus Oman Palestine Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore South Ossetia Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand East Timor (Timor-Leste) Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Asia (orthographic projection).svg [hide] v t e Countries bordering the Baltic Sea  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  Germany  Latvia  Lithuania  Poland  Russia  Sweden [hide] v t e Black Sea Countries bordering the Black Sea     Bulgaria  Georgia  Romania  Russia  Turkey  Ukraine Cities    Batumi Burgas Constanța Giresun Hopa Istanbul Kerch Mangalia Năvodari Novorossiysk Odessa Ordu Poti Rize Samsun Sevastopol Sochi Sukhumi1 Trabzon Varna Yalta Zonguldak 1 Disputed statehood — partial international recognition, but considered by most countries to be Georgian territory. 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[hide] v t e East Asia Summit (EAS) First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth  Australia  Brunei  Cambodia  China  India  Indonesia  Japan  Laos  Malaysia  Myanmar  New Zealand  Philippines  Russia  Singapore  South Korea  Thailand  United States  Vietnam [hide] v t e Eurasian Economic Union Member states    Armenia Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Flag of the Eurasian Economic Union Observer members    Moldova Prospective members    Mongolia Syria Tajikistan [hide] v t e Group of Eight (G8) and Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) G8 members     Canada  France  Germany  Italy  Japan  Russia  United Kingdom  United States Representative     European Union G8+5     Brazil  China  India  Mexico  South Africa See also    Group of Six Group of Seven G7+1 [hide] v t e G20 major economies Argentina Argentina Australia Australia Brazil Brazil Canada Canada China China European Union European Union France France Germany Germany India India Indonesia 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Trade Agriculture Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Technical Barriers to Trade Trade Related Investment Measures Trade in Services Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Government Procurement Information Technology Marrakech Agreement Doha Declaration Bali Package Ministerial Conferences    1st (1996) 2nd (1998) 3rd (1999) 4th (2001) 5th (2003) 6th (2005) 7th (2009) 8th (2011) 9th (2013) 10th (2015) People    Roberto Azevêdo (Director-General) Pascal Lamy Supachai Panitchpakdi Alejandro Jara Rufus Yerxa Members    Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belize Benin Bolivia Botswana Brazil Brunei Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Fiji Gabon The Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada 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Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, participates as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao China". Officially the Republic of China, participates as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. he Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovétsky Soyúz, IPA: [sɐˈvʲɛt͡skʲɪj sɐˈjus] (About this sound listen)), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyúz Sovétskikh Sotsialistícheskikh Respúblik, IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk] (About this sound listen)), abbreviated as the USSR (Russian: СССР, tr. SSSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics,[a] its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent and Novosibirsk. The Soviet Union was one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possessed the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[7] It was a founding permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, as well as a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the leading member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, after a civil war, the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet Union transitioned from a market economy into a centrally planned economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. As industrial production skyrocketed, the Soviet Union achieved full employment, implemented a universal healthcare system, sharply reduced illiteracy, and provided guarantees of paid vacations, rest homes, and recreational clubs. This period of industrialization was a time of enormous improvements in the standard of living for millions of people in the country, starkly contrasting with the situations of other countries during the Great Depression, but was also a time characterized by major institutional shortcomings and failures. In the 1930s, with the rise of fascism in Europe, the Communist Party pursued aggressive campaigns to suppress potential counter-revolution, fermenting political paranoia which culminated in the Great Purge in which extrajudicial arrests and executions of suspected counter-revolutionaries led to an estimated 600,000 deaths. As a result of these mass arrests, penal labor through the Gulag system was used to construct infrastructure projects, though this consistently proved to be an inefficient system throughout its existence.[8] Increased demand for agricultural products to pay for industrialization combined with a relatively low harvest yield led to the famine of 1932–33 in which an estimated 2.4 to 4 million people died in the country's agricultural centers of Ukraine, southern Russia, and Kazakhstan.[9][10] After the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, Stalin tried repeatedly to form an anti-fascist alliance with other European countries. However, finding no support, shortly before World War II, the Soviet Union became the last major country to sign a treaty with Germany with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939. In June 1941, the pact collapsed as Germany invaded the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Soviet Union; the postwar division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the West, led by the United States. The Cold War emerged by 1947, as the Eastern Bloc, united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955, confronted the Western Bloc, united under NATO in 1949. On 5 March 1953, Stalin died and was quickly succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began the De-Stalinization of Soviet society through the Khrushchev Thaw. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight. Khrushchev was removed from power by his colleagues in 1964 and was succeeded as head of state by Leonid Brezhnev. In the 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, but tensions resumed with the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979. In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost (government transparency) and perestroika (openness, restructuring). Under Gorbachev, the role of the Communist Party in governing the state was removed from the constitution, causing a surge of severe political instability to set in. The Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1989, Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments. With the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the union republics, Gorbachev tried to avert a dissolution of the Soviet Union in the post-Cold War era. A March 1991 referendum, boycotted by some republics, resulted in a majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation. Gorbachev's power was greatly diminished after Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down an abortive August 1991 coup d'état attempted by Communist Party hardliners. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation—formerly the Russian SFSR—assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as the successor state of the Soviet Union.[11][12][13] In summing up the international ramifications of these events, Vladislav Zubok stated: "The collapse of the Soviet empire was an event of epochal geopolitical, military, ideological and economic significance. Soviet Union topics History    Index of Soviet Union-related articles Russian Revolution February October Russian Civil War Russian SFSR USSR creation treaty New Economic Policy Stalinism Great Purge Great Patriotic War (World War II) Cold War Khrushchev Thaw 1965 reform Stagnation Perestroika Glasnost Revolutions of 1989 Dissolution Nostalgia Post-Soviet states State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg Geography    Subdivisions    Republics autonomous Oblasts autonomous Autonomous okrugs Closed cities list Regions    Caspian Sea Caucasus Mountains European Russia North Caucasus Siberia Ural Mountains West Siberian Plain Politics    General    Constitution Elections Foreign relations Brezhnev Doctrine Government list Human rights LGBT Law Leaders Collective leadership Passport system State ideology Marxism–Leninism Leninism Stalinism Bodies    Communist Party organisation Central Committee Politburo Secretariat Congress General Secretary Congress of Soviets (1922–1936) Supreme Soviet (1938–1991) Congress of People's Deputies (1989–1991) Supreme Court Offices    Premier President Deputy Premier First Deputy Premier Security services    Cheka GPU NKVD MVD MGB KGB Political repression    Red Terror Collectivization Great Purge Population transfer Gulag list Holodomor Political abuse of psychiatry Ideological repression    Religion Suppressed research Censorship Censorship of images Economy    Agriculture Central Bank Energy policy Five-Year Plans Net material product Inventions Ruble (currency) Internet domain Transport Science    Communist Academy Academy of Sciences Academy of Medical Sciences Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sharashkas Naukograds list Society    Crime Demographics Soviet people working class 1989 census Languages Linguistics LGBT Culture    Ballet Cinema Fashion Literature Music opera Propaganda Sports Stalinist architecture Opposition    Soviet dissidents and their groups list Anthem republics Emblem republics Flag republics Template Templates    Departments Russian Revolution 1917 Joseph Stalin Stagnation Era Fall of Communism Wikipedia book Book Category Category Commons page Commons Portal Portal WikiProject WikiProject [hide] Administrative division of the Soviet Union [hide] v t e Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991) Principal    Armenia Azerbaijan Byelorussia Estonia1 Georgia Kazakhstan Kirghizia Latvia1 Lithuania1 Moldavia Russian SFSR Tajikistan Turkmenia Ukraine Uzbekistan State Emblem of the Soviet Union Short-lived    Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940–1956) Transcaucasian SFSR (1922–1936) Non-union republics    SSR Abkhazia (1921–1931) Bukharan SSR (1920–1925) Khorezm SSR (1920–1925) Nakhichevan ASSR (1920–1923) Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR (1990–1991) South Ossetian SR (1990–1991) 1The annexation of the Baltic republics in 1940 was considered as an illegal occupation and was not recognized by the majority of the international community such as the United States, United Kingdom and the European Community. The Soviet Union officially recognized their independence on September 6, 1991, prior to its final dissolution three months later. [hide] v t e Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union By name    Abkhaz Adjar Bashkir Buryat1 Chechen-Ingush Chuvash Crimean Dagestan Gorno-Altai Kabardin Kabardino-Balkar Kalmyk Karakalpak Karelian Kazak2 Kirghiz2 Kirghiz Komi Mari Moldavian Mordovian Mountain Nakhchivan North Ossetian Tajik Tatar Turkestan Tuva Udmurt Volga German Yakut Coat of arms of the Soviet Union By year established           1918–1924  Turkestan 1918–1941  Volga German 1919–1990  Bashkir 1920–1925  Kirghiz2 1920–1990  Tatar 1921–1990  Adjar 1921–1945  Crimean 1921–1991  Dagestan 1921–1924  Mountain 1921–1990  Nakhchivan 1922–1991  Yakut 1923–1990  Buryat1 1923–1940  Karelian 1924–1940  Moldavian 1924–1929  Tajik 1925–1992  Chuvash 1925–1936  Kazak2 1926–1936  Kirghiz 1931–1991  Abkhaz 1932–1992  Karakalpak 1934–1990  Mordovian 1934–1990  Udmurt 1935–1943  Kalmyk 1936–1944  Chechen-Ingush 1936–1944  Kabardino-Balkar 1936–1990  Komi 1936–1990  Mari 1936–1990  North Ossetian 1944–1957  Kabardin 1956–1991  Karelian 1957–1990  Chechen-Ingush 1957–1991  Kabardino-Balkar 1958–1990  Kalmyk 1961–1992  Tuva 1990–1991  Gorno-Altai 1991–1992  Crimean 1 Buryat–Mongol until 1958. 2 Kazak ASSR was called Kirghiz ASSR until 1925. 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Vintage stamps and rare coins sale online! Продажа старинных марок и редких монет онлайн - stamplake.com STAMPLAKE.COM PROFESSIONAL SELLER

    Type of capital investments, as investments in antiques is growing in popularity more and more each day. It's quite a profitable and safe investment, as prices for antiques are steadily growing (on average 20% per year), which often exceeds the growth of stocks in the stock market. In addition, investment in antiques enriches not only materially bringing income but also spiritually, bringing esthetic pleasure.

    However, investing money in antiques is a complex activity. In order to make substantial amount of money, You need to acquire special knowledge and build relationships in the appropriate community. It is necessary to understand what things really have the potential to increase in value and which, on the contrary, are hopeless. The word "antique" has Latin roots and means "old". The core value of antiques is in the fact that they are old. Age objects which are considered as antique, can start from 10-15 years, depending on the historical, physical and chemical characteristics of the object. Often, investment in antiques and collecting go hand in hand. That's why making money on old things is going better at those who are careful to things and who are orientating in the history very well. Fortunately for new investors, in the environment of antiques consultants are available whose main task is to help the investor to separate the "wheat from the chaff" and to make competent investment. It should be noted that to start investing in antiques it's not necessary to have a large amount of money. 

    A lot of people begin with inexpensive paintings of young artists and a variety of interesting subjects. As a rule, in the beginning investor collects works of art in the style that appeales to him, purely for pleasure, and much later investor begins to think about making money.

    You can buy antiques literally everywhere, even at the grandmother, neighbor. However, if you are not familiar with antiques, it is wiser to trust the various antique shops, exhibition and museum authority. Such authority have expertise in selling things and do not allow to enter counterfeits into the market.

    If you want to do engage in such a profitable and exciting business, as investing in antiques, we will be happy to offer You assistance which will be provided by our experienced consultants who can help You see all the "pitfalls", to make the right choices and get real pleasure from the trip to the mysterious and magical world of collection.

    Dear collectors! StampLake.com are working for you and it's very important for us, that you can always find and buy in our store exactly what you are looking for and dreaming about. Therefore, if you do not succeed in finding the item, let us know and we will find and order the product you are interested in.

    Features and further details

    Dear collectors! StampLake.com are working for you and it's very important for us, that you can always find and buy in our store exactly what you are looking for and dreaming about. Therefore, if you do not succeed in finding the item, let us know and we will find and order the product you are interested in.

    Our company is made by collectors for collectors. We are selling various items which are related to the collection (coins, banknotes, faleras, antiques, various accessories, specialized literature and much else). Definitely here you will find a lot of necessary and useful items which you are interested in. We are always glad to meet you personally and definitely you will find the item you are interested in.

    Contact us

    We can be contacted at any time through eBay messages if you have any questions, comments or product requests. We will respond to you within 24-48 hours and do our best to help you out! We encourage our customers to contact us with any questions or concerns! We'd like to be sure you are completely satisfied with your purchase.

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    • Condition: Items are on picture! 100% ORIGINAL. Shipping with tracking number Worldwide!
    • Type: Cover
    • Year of Issue: Up to 1840
    • Place of Origin: Italy
    • Country/Region of Origin: Unknown
    • Quality: Used
    • Color: Magenta
    • Grade: Ungraded
    • Topic: Patriotic
    • Country/Region of Manufacture: Italy
    • Cancellation Type: Handstamped
    • Certification: Uncertified
    • Modified Item: No

  • PicClick Insights - Italy 1700's - Luxury Sealed Letter - Used - Uniqe Mail Cover PicClick Exclusive

    •  Popularity - 10 watchers, 0.0 new watchers per day, 411 days for sale on eBay. Super high amount watching. 0 sold, 1 available.
    •  Best Price -
    •  Seller - 500+ items sold. 0% negative feedback. Top-Rated Plus! Top-Rated Seller, 30-day return policy, ships in 1 business day with tracking.

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